Moral And Ethical Considerations Health And Social Care Essay

Free Essays on America During The 1960s

America During The 1960’s The 1960’s were a period of harmony, love, uproars, deaths, and a disliked war. The decade started under the Cold War with the Soviet Union. John F. Kennedy offered want to many. Free discourse, social equality, ladies and harmony developments brought the American culture toward progress. Before the decade's over, more than 500,000 Americans had been sent to the war in Vietnam which was battled for the battle for equity and left the country partitioned. Cove of Pigs On April seventeenth 1961, the intrusion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs started. Kennedy was persuaded that Fidel Castro needed help from the Cuban individuals. So Kennedy permitted the attack to experience. Much to his dismay the Cubans were solid and steady. Inside seventy-two hours of intrusion, 1500 men were crushed by the Cubans. By the most recent day of the attack, an aggregate of 114 men were killed while thirty-six kicked the bucket as detainees in Cuban cells. The disappointment of the intrusion prompted the misguided thinking of Kennedy alongside the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). Cuban Missile Crisis With all the pressure as of now from the 1961 Cuban attack, Kennedy discovered that Premier Khrushchev had set weapons in Cuba. Kennedy assembled a conference with a gathering of his nearest counselors alongside his sibling Robert, the lawyer general. On October 22, 1962, Kennedy reported the nearness of the Soviet rocket platforms to the country. JFK Assassination On the morning of November 22, 1963, Kennedy showed up at Dallas, Texas roughly 11:40 AM and was invited by the individuals of the city. Alongside Kennedy was Governor John Connelly and their spouses as they were going to be headed to the Trade Mart where Kennedy was planned to deliver a discourse among liberal and traditionalist components inside the American Democratic gathering. Still five minutes from the Trade Mart, his vehicle was turning down Elm Street. While Kennedy was recognizing everybody, a few noisy commotions seeming like sparkler... Free Essays on America During The 1960s Free Essays on America During The 1960s America During The 1960’s The 1960’s were a period of harmony, love, mobs, deaths, and a disliked war. The decade started under the Cold War with the Soviet Union. John F. Kennedy offered would like to many. Free discourse, social equality, ladies and harmony developments brought the American culture toward progress. Before the decade's over, more than 500,000 Americans had been sent to the war in Vietnam which was battled for the battle for uniformity and left the country isolated. Narrows of Pigs On April seventeenth 1961, the intrusion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs started. Kennedy was persuaded that Fidel Castro needed help from the Cuban individuals. So Kennedy permitted the attack to experience. Much to his dismay the Cubans were solid and steady. Inside seventy-two hours of attack, 1500 men were vanquished by the Cubans. By the most recent day of the intrusion, a sum of 114 men were killed while thirty-six kicked the bucket as detainees in Cuban cells. The disappointment of the attack prompted the misguided thinking of Kennedy alongside the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). Cuban Missile Crisis With all the pressure as of now from the 1961 Cuban intrusion, Kennedy discovered that Premier Khrushchev had set weapons in Cuba. Kennedy assembled a conference with a gathering of his nearest consultants alongside his sibling Robert, the lawyer general. On October 22, 1962, Kennedy declared the nearness of the Soviet rocket platforms to the country. JFK Assassination On the morning of November 22, 1963, Kennedy showed up at Dallas, Texas roughly 11:40 AM and was invited by the individuals of the city. Alongside Kennedy was Governor John Connelly and their spouses as they were going to be headed to the Trade Mart where Kennedy was booked to deliver a discourse among liberal and preservationist components inside the American Democratic gathering. Still five minutes from the Trade Mart, his vehicle was turning down Elm Street. While Kennedy was recognizing everybody, a few noisy clamors seeming like sparkler...

How To Choose Global Essay Topics

How To Choose Global Essay TopicsGlobal essay topics are always in demand these days because of the way people are looking to broaden their knowledge. The Internet has made it easier than ever for students to find more essay topics that may be a little out of their area of expertise. It is important to make sure you have chosen a topic that will be appropriate for your personality, as there are many essay writing styles to choose from.The top global essay topics have been collected from various sources to help students who want to write essays on global topics. Students have a variety of reasons for wanting to write global essays: it can be that they want to learn more about their different cultures or that they just want to experience other cultures. Regardless of why they want to write them, they should take their time and study and research the topics to find out how they can make their essays more interesting and varied.Before they even begin to write the essay, it is important f or students to review their topic to make sure they are clear and concise. There are many available essays to choose from, so it is important to know what they are going to be before they even start writing the essay. A good first step is to carefully consider what they want to write about and what it is that they are going to talk about.The fact that there are so many different essay topics available means that students should not feel overwhelmed. While it can be difficult to know what kind of essay topic is right for them, there are many things that they can do in order to narrow down their search. Some of the most popular essay topics include environment, science, history, and philosophy.Students should also keep in mind that there are a lot of different things that they can write about. There are people who want to write about the human condition and what life is like to those who are living in a specific country. In other cases, students might want to write about themselves in relation to other people from around the world.Students should also consider the time frame that they want to have their essays finished. Because essays take a lot of time to write, students need to decide what time frame they are willing to work with and then make sure that they are making the time to write each day. Most students find that they write more about what they want to write than they actually have time to write it all down.Another thing that students should keep in mind when choosing global essay topics is that they should research the topic in detail to make sure that they understand it well. This will ensure that they can write the essay in an efficient manner that will be easy to read and understand. As much as possible, students should make sure that they keep their essays as free of grammatical errors as possible.Essays will help students expand their skills as writers and students need to make sure that they take their time when writing essays. There are a lot of global essay topics available to choose from, so it is best to make sure that they choose something that is interesting to them and something that they are willing to write about. Making sure that they understand the meaning of their essay, whether they are writing about themselves or something else entirely, is an important part of writing good essays.

Cleopatra Profile Ancient History

Cleopatra lived from 69 B.C. to 30 B.C. Occupation Ruler: Queen of Egypt and Pharaoh. Husbands and Mates of Cleopatra 51 B.C. Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII become Egypts rulers/siblings/spouses. In 48 B.C. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar became lovers. She became the sole ruler when her brother was drowned during the Alexandrian War (47 B.C.). Cleopatra then had to marry another brother for the sake of formality, Ptolemy XIV. In 44 B.C. Julius Caesar died. Cleopatra had her brother killed and appointed her 4-year-old son Caesarion as co-regent. Mark Antony became her lover in 41 B.C. Caesar and Cleopatra In 48 B.C. Julius Caesar arrived in Egypt and met a 22-year old Cleopatra, rolled in a carpet, supposedly. An affair followed, leading to the birth of a son, Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra left Alexandria for Rome in 45 B.C. A year later Caesar was assassinated. Antony and Cleopatra When Mark Antony and Octavian (to become Emperor Augustus) came to power in the aftermath of the assassination of Caesar, Cleopatra took up with Antony and had two children by him. Rome was upset with this dalliance since Antony was giving parts of the Roman Empire back to their client Egypt. Octavian declared war on Cleopatra and Antony. He defeated them at the Battle of Actium. The Death of Cleopatra Cleopatra is thought to have killed herself. The legend is that she killed herself by putting an asp to her breast while sailing on a barge. After Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, Egypt became just another province of Rome. Fluency in Languages Cleopatra is known to have been the first in the family of the Ptolemies of Egypt to have learned to speak the local tongue. She is said to have also spoken: Greek (native language), the languages of the Medes, Parthians, Jews, Arabs, Syrians, Trogodytae, and Ethiopians (Plutarch, according to Goldsworthy in Antony and Cleopatra (2010)). About Cleopatra Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled Egypt since Alexander the Great left his general Ptolemy in charge there in 323 B.C. Cleopatra (actually Cleopatra VII) was the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes (Ptolemy XII) and the wife of her brother, as was the custom in Egypt, Ptolemy XIII, and then, when he died, Ptolemy XIV. Cleopatra paid little attention to her spouses and ruled in her own right. Cleopatra is best known for her relations with leading Romans, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, and the manner of her death. By the time of Ptolemy Auletes, Egypt was very much under Roman control and obligated financially to Rome. The story is told that Cleopatra arranged to meet the great Roman leader Julius Caesar by being rolled into a carpet, which was presented to Caesar as a gift. From her self-presentation, however much it may be a fiction, Cleopatra and Caesar had a relationship that was part political and part sexual. Cleopatra presented Caesar with a male heir, although Caesar didnt see the boy as such. Caesar took Cleopatra to Rome with him. When he was killed on the Ides of March, 44 B.C., it was time for Cleopatra to return home. Soon another powerful Roman leader presented himself in the person of Mark Antony, who with Octavian (soon to become Augustus), had taken control of Rome. Antony and Octavian were related by marriage, but after a short time with Cleopatra, Antony stopped caring about his wife, Octavians sister. Other jealousies between the two men and concern over the undue influence Egypt and Egyptian interests were having on Antony, led to open conflict. In the end, Octavian won, Antony and Cleopatra died, and Octavian took out his hostility on Cleopatras reputation. As a result, however popular Cleopatra may be in the arts, we know surprisingly little about her. Also, see a Chronology of Cleopatras Life.

Nature vs Nurture - Depression - 818 Words

For years there has been an ongoing debate of nature versus nurture. Nature refers to genetics, inheritance and genes, and nurture refers to characteristics shaped by one’s environmental influences. For the purpose of this paper, the development of depression will be researched in terms of the nature versus nurture debate. Studies show that while some people are genetically predisposed to mood disorders, many people develop them through environmental factors. However, a different study looked at the relationship and interaction of nature and nurture. Therefore, the development of depression can not be pinpointed to one just one specific cause; it can be developed through genetics, environmental influences, or a mixture of both. Mood†¦show more content†¦(Fagnani, 2011) Some researchers believe that a difficult childhood can play a role in an early onset of depression. One theory suggests that children who go through a hard time while growing up have a more difficult t ime adjusting to changes in their. (Clouthier, 2007) Another theory is that these children may not have the proper emotional development, making them vulnerable to becoming depressed. Environmental factors often play aShow MoreRelatedChild Development: Heredity and Environment1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the difference between nature, nurtureRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people with different interests and preferences? Or did the environments that they grew up in play a part in maki ng who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thoughtRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture By Francis Galton1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour environment just as much as your genes.† (Rich, 2015) In 1869, the phrase â€Å"nature vs. nurture was coined by an English polymath named Francis Galton. There are two sides to this debate, each with their own pros and con’s. Nature is the side that argues that the DNA and genotype humans are born with determines who they are and what personality and traits they will have throughout their lifetime. Whereas the nurture side of the debate argues that humans are born with sponges as minds, and throughRead MoreMy Personal Developmental Theory, Nature Vs. Nurture812 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. My personal developmental theory consists of several tenets from theories such as, nature vs. nurture, systems and cognitive developmental theory. While there are many theories in lifespan development, and they are all relevant in the development of an individual I found these particular theories the most influential in my development. Nature vs. Nurture From a biological perspective, nature vs. nurture plays a critical role in the development of an individual. Meaney (2010) states â€Å"The challengeRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: a Biblical Perspective1531 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING TITLE: Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective Ouida Lynne Heath Psychology 101, Module 5 Professor Roberts December 17, 2009 Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective The Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists haveRead MorePsychology, Nature Vs. Nurture971 Words   |  4 Pageswhy we are that way? The answer is found in the classic debate in Psychology, Nature vs. Nurture. Aggression is caused by learned behavior, not through genetics. There are two sides of this debate, Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to something that you’re born with and are not able to change. People that follow this are called Nativists. They believe that the traits that you have are passed down through genetics. Nurture means that your personality traits are based on your environment. For exampleRead More Twin Early Development Study: Nature versus Nurture832 Words   |  3 Pagespreference, or in more recent years, the role of gender? I believe that both nature and nurture are responsible for the way one matures. You cannot overlook the fact that some people carry the traits of their ancestors, or the fact that in many situations, people are victims of circumstance. I think the more important question is which side has a larger role in the way people turn out. When assessing the character roles that nurture creates, you must include many factors. A study called TEDS, Twin EarlyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1427 Words   |  6 Pagesparents use authoritarian methods and punishment.† The nature Vs nurture debate has been around since 1690 created by the philosopher John Locke who believed we as humans do not have natural, inborn ideas; that our minds are a blank page, upon which experience shall write. Nurture is everything and nature is simply nothing. â€Å"Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factorsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind And Behavior1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we are born with imprinted knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, theorized the concept that we were born a blank canvas and the development of our minds are sculpted by our experience, demonstrating that modern psychologi cal debates of nature VS nurture, and interests of the functions of the mind, have been discussed for centuries. Psychology as we know it today is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. All scientists whether chemists, biologists, physicists or psychologists must employ

Gender Roles In Dracula Essay Example For Students

Gender Roles In Dracula Essay 1.) There are many ways that Bram Stokers Dracula can be considered Anti-Christian by showing of Anti-Christian values and perversions of the Christian religion. In chapter one as Jonathan Harker is traveling to Castle Dracula he is met by several people. When he meets these people andtells them where he is going they cross themselves along with doing several other superstiscious actions. One of the women he meets gives him a crucifix to protect him on his journey. Thiscrucifix protects him when Jonathan cuts himself shaving and Dracula lunges for his throat he stops when hesees the crucifix around Jons neck. Later in the book it discusses how you can defend yourself fromDracula and other vampires by the possession of a crucifix or practically any consecrated item fromthe Christian religion can be used to save you from the attack or presence of a vampire. For example, in the latter of the book Van Helsing uses a Host to prevent Dracula to enter his coffin. Another time, during the ni ghtVan Helsing and Lucy stay out near the courtyard of Castle Dracula, Van Helsing makes a (Holy circle) with the Host to keep vampires out and to keep Mina safe in the (Holy circle). Another time when the Host is used as a deterrence of vampires is at the time Van Helsing and the other men are going to leave Mina alone in the house. Van Helsing touches a Host to Minas forehead and it burns into her head since she, herself, was unclean. Another abstruction of the Christian religion would be the fact that Dracula sleeps in a coffin and especially because the dirt in his coffin is consecrated and Dracula, being evil, uses this ground to rest in. Dracula has several of the powers that Christians believe no one but God could control. For instance, Dracula can control the weather, wild or unclean animals and, he can change form and disappear into the air. Christians believe that consuming Gods body and blood will give them everlasting life with God in heaven. Draculagetting life after de ath or living an afterlife on earth by consuming the blood of the living to survive, build his strength, and create more followers of him in his evil ways. By this, Dracula is relying on humans to renew his life after death and thus not concentrating on God as the source of life. As Dracula feeds on the blood of the living he creates followers as Jesus had disciples. Dracula has evil ways and spreads his evil not by sexual reproduction as God meant it to be but he takes the living and makes their lives evil destroying their souls. As it can be said that you must let God into your heart Dracula may only enter someones home unless they let him in. Throughout the book, several times, normally while Renfield is speaking whenever he refers to God he capitalizes his pronouns as Christians would do when referring to God. When Lucy is brought in to the Un-Dead she rises from the dead three days after she dies as Jesus rose from the dead on Easter Sunday. God has no beginning and no one can explain how he came about ; there is the same idea with Dracula that he(has been) and no one knows his beginning. God is looked at and referred to in the Bible as being the light which symbolizes happiness or life. Draculas powers are limited in the daytime, during the light, and his powers are stronger in the night, during darkness, which symbolizes evil. In the book, Draculamoves to an old abandoned Church not used anymore which can show that God is no longer present which would fulfill Draculas purpose of spreading evil. For those reasons I think that the book Dracula isitself Anti-Christian and that the person Dracula could be easily considered the Anti-Christ. .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .postImageUrl , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:hover , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:visited , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:active { border:0!important; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:active , .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501 .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea1bf086a57dab0cb223c9dd93ff2501:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AIDS: The Man-Made-Monster Essay 2.)The novel Dracula by Bram Stoker uses sexuality as an important part of vampirism. The first major encounter of this is when Jonathan Harker sees the three vampire ladies at CastleDracula. As they walk about the room Jonathan notices one of them and spots her lips as being voluptuous, a word that can be used to mean something that is desired. Jonathan desires these vampire women and as she bends down to kiss him he does not suppress her from what she wants to do, as though he is longing for her kiss. Another time in which similar to this is during the end of the book when Van Helsing encounters the three vampire ladies. The ladies appear the nigh Mina and Van Helsing are staying the night outside of Castle Dracula. As they appear Van Helsing matches them to Jonathans description of them, noticing their face, lips, and hair. The next day when Van Helsing goes into thecastle he is reluctant to carry out his plans of getting rid of the vampire ladies. He is restrained from his terrif ying task by the beauty of the women, though he knows they are a curse on the world. Another seen which depicts thesexual desires of vampirism is when Lucy is Un-Dead. While Van Helsing, Arthur, and Dr. Seward are spending a vigil outside Lucys tomb she appears and while standing there in amazement she tries to lure Arthur to her. Vampires reproduce through the biting and sucking of blood from someones neck. This is an abstruction of how reproduction of humans is ment to come forth from sexual reproduction. Throughout the book the Un-Dead attack the opposite of their sex. This somewhat proves that vampires can be sexually aroused constantly which allows them to attract their victims. These events and aspects of vampirism, therefore prove how sexuality is important to vampirism. Part of the sexuality comes from sybolism, the laguage (words) the book uses, and the mind of the reader or how you read the book. So, though the book, through vampirism, can revolve around sexuality, I wouldnt consider it smutty or dirty. But, if you were reading the book to find all the presence of sexuality in it you could possibly consider differently. A.) In the book Dracula by Bram Stoker, Stoker chose a person who really existed to base his character Dracula on. This person Vlad the Impaler ( also known as: Vlad Tepes and Dracula) gaveStoker many of the ideas on which to base his character, Dracula. Vlad Tepes grew up in a time ofwar and corruption. Vlad Tepes like his father developed a ferocious and merciless warlike personality. The resemblence of Vlad Tepes personality to that of Draculas is very much similar. Dracula has an evil personality like that which Vlad Tepes grew into.Vlad Tepes began to rule Transylvania through a time of bloody massacreing and war. He started to torture people in his ruthless ways. Vlad Tepes once impaled his own army on stakes. This shows the true evil and ruthlessness Vlad Tepes practiced.It was said that he would drink blood while watching people which he impaled on stakes die. Vlad Tepes began to be known for this impaling and he performed it more often with enemies and thieves. This brings another similarity of Vlad Tepes and Dracula. Dracula tortures people when he sucks thier blood thus destroying their soul and taking it over with evil spirits. Dracula also drinks the blood of people with a bite of the neck like Vlad Tepes did. The monks ofthat time thought that Vlad Tepes was performing Gods will in his massacres. Vlad Tepes had builtseveral monestsries for the Orthodox religion throughout hid life. Later though, to marry the womenhe loved, he had to convert to the Catholic religion. When he did, the people he ruled concideredhim an Anti-Christ because he deserted them as though he didnt care of his religiln. Dr acula,having so many Anti-Christian qualities could also be considered an Anti-Christ like Vlad Tepeswas to his people. Stoker got the idea for Draculas death, where he disappears into dust, directlyfrom the mysterious death of Vlad Tepes. Vlad Tepes was buried in a monestary near the front ofthe altar. About 450 years later people were curious if his tomb had been raided by theives so whenthe people checked his tomb there were no remains of him left. Later, they found an unidentifiedskeleton burried near the entrance of the monestary. The skeleton was then sent to a museum whereit vanished misteryously. Those are the reasons why I think Stoker decided to chose Vlad theImpaler for his character Dracula. I, myself, think Stoker chose a good person (not litterally, for hisuses in the book) to base the book Dracula for several reasons. First of all, they both were called bythe same name Dracula which means devil. Also, they both have had some of the same lifeexpirences, such as, drinki ng blood, their deaths, and especially their attitudes are almost identical. .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .postImageUrl , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:hover , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:visited , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:active { border:0!important; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:active , .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91 .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u773677b5063714d07f0ef61c2b9d3e91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Issues Of Strategic And Change Management EssayCategory: English

The Cold War and Its Influence on the American Society

The Cold War started in the year 1945 and ended in the year 1990. This war was characterized by military and political enmity between the US and the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Nazi government, in the year 1945, the US and the Soviet Union became the world superpowers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cold War and Its Influence on the American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Cold War initiated several changes in the American society during and after the war. These changes were enhanced by the differences in democratic values between the US and the Soviet Union. During the early 1990s, the Cold War had greatly influenced America’s domestic and foreign policies. Before the Cold War, the US government was not involved in foreign affairs. For instance, during the leadership of President Gorge Washington, the American government did not participate in foreign affairs and alliances. D uring the year 1935, Neutrality Act was enacted. Through this act, the US Government was forbidden from participating in foreign wars and affairs. Equally, during the World War II, the US government never got involved in foreign affairs. However, after the fall of the Nazi government in Germany, the US perspective on foreign policies and affairs changed. After the year 1945, the US considered the Soviet Union as a threat to its security. Notably, the communist expansion and Russia’s advancements in weaponry forced the American government to be involved in foreign affairs. As witnessed from various government administrations during the Cold War, the US foreign policies and domestic policies were changed constantly to thwart the spread of communisms, and to stop Soviet Union from attacking America and its allies. For instance, Three months into office president Dwight D. Eisenhower conveyed a meeting in the Solarium house at the White House. At the meeting, the president met wi th three different teams to deliberate on appropriate foreign policies required to secure the country’s security systems. At the end of the meeting, the president agreed to change the country’s foreign policies. Through these changes, the US had to help its allies resist the spread of communisms. As a result, the adopted policies enabled the American government to help its allies with military resources. By doing so, the US strengthens its allies’ abilities to resist communism.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the year 1961, Kennedy’s administration had to change the country’s foreign policies through the adoption of diplomatic and military initiatives. Unlike before, Kennedy formed and deployed new intelligent foreign experts in various countries to tackle the emerging diplomatic challenges. In support with Eisenhower’s strategies, Kennedy pr eferred diplomacy to violence in tackling conflicts with the Soviet Union. With regard to domestic policy, the Cold War had several impacts on the American society. Notably, the American security agencies influenced the Hollywood producers to create more anticommunist films with the aim of reinforcing negative attitudes about the communists in American societies. Out of these initiatives, patriotism was enhanced leading to increased mistrust in communist actions across the US. During this period, communist proponents were wrongfully accused, fired from their jobs, and their human and civil rights abused. During the war, the US government realized the need to abolish racial discrimination and other forms of social discrimination in the country. This move was fueled by the need to enhance the country’s international image as a reformed nation. Through these reforms, several social injustices in America were abolished leading to the long awaited changes in domestic policies. This essay on The Cold War and Its Influence on the American Society was written and submitted by user Troy S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bronchiectasis-Revisited Essays - Respiratory System, Medicine

Bronchiectasis-Revisited Essays - Respiratory System, Medicine Bronchiectasis-Revisited K. Neelakantan Viswanathan Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a common chronic lung disease characterized by a "vicious cycle" of infection, inflammation and irreversible destruction in the airway (4). Laennec in 1819 defined bronchiectasis based on the findings in an infant who died of whooping cough."Bronemon" in Greek means the windpipe and "ektasis" means stretched out or extension (9).Bronchiectasis is a pathological, irreversible dilatation of the proximal, medium sized and terminal airways more than 2 mm in size, the 4th to the 10th generations being involved (10). Pathology: The normal bronchial wall consisting of cartilage, muscle and elastic tissue gets destroyed and is replaced by fibrous tissue. There is chronic,recurrent infection of secretions that pool within the airways. The organisms produce pigments, proteases and other toxins impairing mucociliary clearance. Epithelial injury is induced by the host inflammatory response, largely due to neutrophil-released mediators and protection against infection is compromised. There is also bronchial and peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis, bronchial wall ulceration, squamous metaplasia and mucous gland hyperplasia. The pulmonary parenchyma supplied by. The abnormal airways contain areas of fibrosis,emphysema,bronchopneumonia and atelectasis in varying combinations (1). The bronchiectatic cavities may be lined by granulation tissue,squamous epithelium or normal ciliated epithelium(6).Bronchiectasis may be accompanied by massive collapse in which all the airways and alveoli distal to the site of collapse are deflated resulting in an airless lobe (13).Reid's Classification (1950) divides this entity into saccular (cystic), fusiform (cylindrical) and varicose types (7). In addition there are follicular, nodular and traction types. There is transmural inflammation and mucosal oedema in cylindrical types, cratering and ulceration in cystic types with bronchial arteriole neo-vascularisation and distortion due to scarring or obstruction from repeated infections in the varicose types (4). In traction types there is extensive volume loss of lung bringing the upper and lower parts of the spine together with concavity to the affected side. Bronchiectasis commonly affects lower lobes, the left more frequently than the right. Next in frequency are the right middle lobe and the lingual (8). The apical segment is spared (12).Aspiration commonly affects the right lung and the lower lobes or the posterior segment of the upper lobes (4).Bronchiectasis sicca involves the upper lobes and is characterized by haemoptysis instead of sputum production, the aetiology, most often, being tuberculosis. Cystic fibrosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) also affect the upper lobes.ABPA produces proximal or central (perihilar) bronchiectasis involving 4th-7th generations. Nodular bronchiectasis occurs in Mycobacterium avium infections. It is common in white women aged 55 and above with chronic cough with middle lobe or lingular involvement (4). Pseudo bronchiectasis occurs in expansion of a collapsed lung, usually after pneumonia. Aetiology: The causes of bronchiectasis may be easily remembered as follows: Bordetella pertussis infections Respiratory syncitial virus, Rheumatoid arthritis,Riley -Day syndrome,Relapsing polychondritis Obstruction by foreign body Neoplastic / Nodal compression Chagas disease Hypogammaglobulinaemia (especially selective deficiency of IgG2), HIV infection,Herpes simplex,Histoplasmosis Influenza,Inflammatory bowel diseases,Interstitial lung disease (fibrosing alveolitis) Exanthems-measles, mumps Cystic fibrosis, Congenital sequestrated lung. Coeliac disease, Ciliary dyskinesia (primary), in which the respiratory mucosal biopsy shows broken or missing ciliary spokes Tuberculosis,Toxins- ammonia, paraquat Aspiration of gastric contents,Alcoholism,Adenovirus infections,Alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency,Atypical Mycobacteria (avium),Atypical pneumonia( Mycoplasma), Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) Systemic complement deficiencies, Sjogren's syndrome,Sarcoidosis Idiopathic (commonest) Syndromes associated with bronchiectasis Kartagener's syndrome: an autosomal recessive' disorder, described in 1933 by a pediatrician, characterized by situs inversus, frontal sinusitis or agenesis of frontal sinuses and bronchiectasis. It is also associated with immotile cilia, due to an abnormal protein involved in the modified ciliary motility causing absence or aberrance of dynein arms, and hence persons with Kartagener's syndrome are infertile. The situs inversus is the chance result of embryonic migration of viscera rather than the normal cilia- dependent placement of internal organs (12). . Young's syndrome: characterized by obstructive azoospermia as a result of enlarged, palpable and obstructed epididymal head and obstruction by inspissated secretions (2). Williams Campbell syndrome: characterized by expiratory collapse of proximal airways on bronchoscopy. There is generalized bronchial cartilage deficiency leading to bronchomalacia. Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: characterised by congenital deficiency of bronchial cartilage associated with tracheobronchomegaly. Enlargement of the airways and deep corrugations produced by the redundant musculo-membranous tissues between the cartilaginous rings gives roentgenographic appearance of multiple diverticulae on CT (lO). Brock's syndrome: characterized by right middle lobe collapse, the bronchiectasis being caused by a foreign body or enlarged lymph node, usually tuberculous. Chandra- Khetarpal syndrome:characterized by levocardia, bronchiectasis and frontal sinusitis. Ciliary dysfunction is not a feature of this syndrome (3). MacLeod's (Swyer-James)syndrome: in which the disease is associated with a unilateral hyperluscent lung and characterized by brochiolitis obliterans (4). Yellow nail syndrome: associated with lymphedema and pleural effusion due to hypoplastic lymphatics. Childhood pentad of bronchiectasis:Whooping cough, measles, mumps, influenza, and primary complex are considered to be childhood infections that predispose to bronchiectasis in adult life. Clinical Features: Persons with bronchiectasis bring out copious foul smelling khaki-coloured sputum

The French Revolution, Its Outcome, and Legacy

The French Revolution, Its Outcome, and Legacy The outcome of the French Revolution, which began in 1789 and lasted for more than a decade, had numerous social, economic, and political effects not just in France but also in Europe and beyond.   Prelude to Revolt By the late 1780s, the French monarchy was on the brink of collapse. Its involvement in the American Revolution had left the regime of King Louis XVI bankrupt and desperate to raise funds by taxing the wealthy and the clergy. Years of bad harvests and rising prices for basic commodities led to social unrest among the rural and urban poor. Meanwhile, the growing middle class (known as the bourgeoisie) was chafing under an absolute monarchical rule and demanding political inclusion. In 1789  the king called for a meeting of the Estates-General- an advisory body of clergy, nobles, and bourgeoisie that had not convened in more than 170 years- to garner support for his financial reforms. When the representatives assembled in May of that year, they couldnt agree on how to apportion representation. After two months of bitter debate, the king ordered delegates locked out of the meeting hall. In response, they convened on June 20 on the royal tennis courts, where the bourgeoisie, with the support of many clergy and nobles, declared themselves the new governing body of the nation, the National Assembly, and  vowed to write a new constitution. Although Louis XVI agreed  in principle to these demands, he began plotting to undermine the Estates-General, stationing troops throughout the country. This alarmed the peasants and middle class alike, and on July 14, 1789, a mob attacked and occupied the Bastille prison in protest, touching off a wave of violent demonstrations nationwide. On Aug. 26, 1789, the National Assembly  approved the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Like the Declaration of Independence in the United States, the French declaration guaranteed all citizens equal, enshrined property rights and free assembly, abolished the absolute power of the monarchy and established representative government. Not surprisingly, Louis XVI refused to accept the document, triggering another massive public outcry. The Reign of Terror For two years, Louis XVI and the National Assembly co-existed uneasily as reformers, radicals, and monarchists all jockeyed for political dominance. In April 1792 the Assembly declared war on Austria. But it quickly went badly for France, as Austrian ally Prussia joined in the conflict; troops from both nations soon occupied French soil. On Aug. 10, French radicals took the royal family prisoner at Tuileries Palace. Weeks later, on Sept. 21, the National Assembly abolished the monarchy entirely and declared France a republic. King Louis and Queen Marie-Antoinette were tried hastily and found guilty of treason. Both would be beheaded in 1793, Louis on Jan. 21 and Marie-Antoinette on Oct. 16. As the Austro-Prussian war dragged on, the French government and society, in general, were mired in turmoil. In the National Assembly, a radical group of politicians seized control and began implementing reforms, including a new national calendar and the abolition of religion. Beginning in September 1793, thousands of French citizens, many from the middle and upper classes, were arrested, tried, and executed during a wave of violent repression aimed at the Jacobins opponents, called the Reign of Terror.   The Reign of Terror would last until the following July when its Jacobin leaders were overthrown and executed. In its wake, former members of the National Assembly who had survived the oppression emerged and seized power, creating a conservative backlash to the ongoing French Revolution. Rise of Napoleon On Aug. 22, 1795, the National Assembly approved a new constitution that established a representative system of government with a bicameral legislature similar to that in the U.S. For the next four years, the French government would be beset by political corruption, domestic unrest, a weak economy, and ongoing efforts by radicals and monarchists to seize power. Into the vacuum strode French Gen. Napoleon Bonaparte. On Nov. 9, 1799, Bonaparte backed by the army overthrew the National Assembly and declared the French Revolution over. Over the next decade and a half, he could consolidate power domestically as he led France in a series of military victories across much of Europe, declaring himself emperor of France in 1804. During his reign, Bonaparte continued the liberalization that had begun during the Revolution, reforming its civil code, establishing the first national bank, expanding public education, and investing heavily in infrastructures like roads and sewers. As the French army conquered foreign lands, he brought these reforms, known as the Napoleonic Code, with him, liberalizing property rights, ending the practice of segregating Jews in ghettos, and declaring all men equal. But Napoleon would eventually be undermined by his own military ambitions and be defeated in 1815 by the British at the Battle of Waterloo. He would die in exile on the Mediterranean island of St. Helena in 1821. Revolutions Legacy and Lessons With the advantage of hindsight, its easy to see the positive legacies of the French Revolution. It established the precedent of representational, democratic government, now the model of governance in much of the world. It also established liberal social tenets of equality among all citizens, basic property rights, and separation of church and state, much as did the American Revolution.   Napoleons conquest of Europe spread these ideas throughout the continent, while further destabilizing the influence of the Holy Roman Empire, which would eventually collapse in 1806. It also sowed the seeds for later revolts in 1830 and 1849 across Europe, loosening or ending the monarchical rule that would lead to the creation of modern-day Germany and Italy later in the century, as well as sow the seeds for the Franco-Prussian war and, later, World War I. Sources Editors of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica. French Revolution. 7 February 2018.History.com staff. French Revolution. History.com.The Open University staff. French Revolution. Open.edu.Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media staff. Legacies of the Revolution. chnm.gmu.edu.

The Mass Transit Railway Corporation and Miami Metrorail Essay

The Mass Transit Railway Corporation and Miami Metrorail - Essay Example The researcher states that the trains give administrations concealed in numerous different frameworks around the globe: stations have open machines, wheelchair and stroller availability (and the space inside the train to store them), glass entryways obstructing the tracks, and interoperable touch-and-go passage installment. However, following three many years of operation, the framework developed to only 25 miles, added stand out line to MIA and has never conveyed 200,000 riders day by day. Metrorail has not conveyed the guarantees of its initial advocates. Indeed, as Metrorail gets to be more important, it is doubtful that any more lines will be fabricated at whatever time soon. The province does not have the countless dollars important to manufacture such extravagant ventures. Likewise, the national government, which generally has financed huge transportation, undertakings fails to offer intention to help frameworks, for example, Metrorail grows. As an issue, Metrorail will likely remain a two-line framework for a considerable length of time to come. Support and upgrades ought to guarantee at any rate an additional 30 years of operation. Metro assembled heading masters in land, transportation, and metropolitan financing from academe, administration counseling, strategy backing, and government to request the best thoughts for creative methods for tending to Metros test. Educated by our companions and nearby execution measures, Metro is creating rules that the area can use to advise improvement of high limit travel ventures (Benson 1998). Actually, because of the expense connected with Metrorail extension alongside existing area utilizes and constructed environment as a part of a great part of the district, the majority of our future high limit travel ventures will be comprised of other travel modes. Metro needs to enhance the limit at over twelve stations: some of these stations are at limit today, and its complete eight-auto train project will bring many more clients to effectively gathered stations. The organization needs to construct new elevators, extend mezzanines, and assemble walker paths to take care of this future demand.

Are nurses as cost effective as doctors in urgent care centres UK Essay

Are nurses as cost effective as doctors in urgent care centres UK - Essay Example Most hospitals and other medical facilities in London and elsewhere across the country have successfully commissioned or are on the verge of commissioning service models related to urgent care centers, especially at the frontage of the emergency departments. In particular, the urgent care centers provide appropriate response to patients with minor injuries and illnesses that do not require specialized or intensive care. In addition, urgent care centers foster greater integration between urgent services delivered in communities and care services provided in hospitals. Incidentally, most primary care practitioners have stronger links with community services thus enhancing rapid and seamless transfer of patients to relevant pathways (Healthcare for London 2010, p. 29). These care centers have also facilitated integration of the provisions of emergency and urgent care. Virtually all the studies indicated that nurse practitioners provide quality medical care services at comparatively lowe r costs, as well as provide more disease prevention counseling, health promotion activities, health education, and successfully achieve higher levels of patient satisfaction than doctors. According to the National Institute for Health Research (March, 2014), the effectiveness of nurses or nurse practitioners would only be compared with that of junior doctors in relation to treating of patients with minor injuries in urgent care centers and emergency department settings (National Institute for Health Research 2014, p. 5). However, the study offered limited evidence that could prove that nurses reduced the waiting time for patients during assessment or even treatment, as well as patients’ overall length of stay in urgent care centers and emergency departments in entirety. In addition, the study revealed that most patients were satisfied with the nurse practitioner’s high levels of acceptance

An Introduction to Plastic Gears :: essays papers

An Introduction to Plastic Gears As an employee of a world-class plastic gear manufacturer for many years, I see how this is an undeniably growing part of the gear industry. I hope to briefly describe how something seemingly simple as a plastic gear requires the culmination of many very state-of-the-art processes. Within one word I’ll say that at every level precision is required. Initially, a gear engineer must design a gear that meets the design intent while remaining cognizant of all variables that result from using materials such as plastic. This engineer must design a gear electrode that will actually determine the form of the gear. This electrode is then burned into the mold cavity using a method commonly referred to as EDM or electrical discharge machining. It is essential that the gear electrode be cut identical to the finished gear tooth form. Some compensation is normally made for the shrinkage of plastic as well as the overburn that occurs during the EDM process. The gear engineer normally will alter the gear tooth geometry to relieve stress and strengthen the gear tooth form. This alteration is normally done at the base or root of the gear tooth and at the tip or peak of the tooth. Next, a mold maker then will evaluate what the expected life of the gear program will be so that he can build a mold that is robust and capable producing the many millions of parts with the highest of accuracy. He will ensure that the plastic that will be entering the mold will travel along balanced pathway or runner system that will allow for consistent fill into each mold cavity. His tool for evaluating this flow is done through a computer model commonly referred to as mold flow analysis. He must be capable of understanding what makes a good mold as well as a good gear. Once the mold is completed it is then set into an injection-molding machine. It is important in the precision gear molding industry that the molding unit has a highly controlled system in place to monitor the molding process. It is equally important during this process that there is a means by which all peripheral variables can be controlled. This is done utilizing a central processor, which will maintain balance on all settings for every parameter. Transducers relay all of their information into a central processor that will monitor and maintain this consistent process.

Bayfield Mud Company Essay

The Bayfield Mud Company has had some problems with their 50 pound bags of treating agents. They sent shipped some bags to Wet Land Drilling, Inc. that were found to be short-weight by approximately 5%. Wet Land first did their own research on how many bags were short and by how much. They randomly sampled 50 bags and found the average net weight to be 47.51 pounds. Wet Land then contacted Bayfield Mud about the situation. Bayfield gave a 5% credit to Wed-Land for the mistakes. But We Land not completely satisfied with the credit because the errors in the weight of the bags could impact their operations. Wet Land informed Bayfield Mud that if something like this happened again, they would take their business elsewhere. Bayfield’s response to all this was to expand a one-shift to a two-shift operation. Then, they had to expand to a three-shift operation. The additional night-shift bagging crew consisted of all new employee. The most emphasis was placed on increasing output. It was very likely that only occasionally were bags double checked on their weight. This is where the statistical control has come into place. The problem that Bayfield Mud faces includes the possibility of losing a customer in Wet Land, Inc. Another problem is putting out a product that is not acceptable. This problem could lead to more than just the loss of one customers, but perhaps an even greater amount. Based on the information given in the following charts and numbers, especially the control chat, it is obvious that the bag problem is out of control. Out of the 72 times that samples were taken, 14 were out of control. That is unacceptable for a company who intends on satisfying the customer and maintaining business. Something must be done in this company to correct the problem that has arisen. I think if the company still getting the more products but sacrifice the quality, the problem cannot not be solved actually. The company needs to ensure that the bag really does weigh 50 pounds. If they are going to offer a 50 pound product, then make it 50 pounds. It seems that the times that most of the bags are less than 50 pounds are around the nighttime shifts. Also, the times that it seems more bags are over 50 pounds are during the daytime shifts. They need to develop a y to ensure the accuracy of weighing the bags. Whatever they would  implement would have to increase quality, while not impacting the output numbers. There is a large demand for their product, so they must be able to meet the demand. And Bayfield needs to change their strategy or even do an entire makeover of their management team in order to get a better way for developing. Feng Bing (Yvonne) Student ID: 11-613222

Chapter 5 Of The Windows Internals Textbook - 1076 Words

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Evaluate the role of informationRead MoreManagement Information Systems5678 Words   |  23 PagesManagement Information Systems MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon 9th edition PEARSON Prentice Hall 2006 www.prenhall.com/laudon Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Objectives: After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain why information systems are so important today for business and management. 2. Evaluate the role of information systems in today’s competitive business environment

Realistic Fake Blood

If you want a realistic fake blood, youre going to have to do better than dyed water! Heres a recipe for a realistic fake blood that pools like the real deal and has a better blood color. Its sticky and will stain (like real blood), so use it on washable surfaces or those you dont mind getting all bloody. The blood is edible, so you can drink it if you like. 2 tablespoons white corn syrup6 drops red food coloring1 drop blue or green food coloring2 teaspoons cocoa powder If you use cocoa mix, like for hot chocolate, youll get a paler blood that may require some water to dissolve the sugar. Unsweetened cocoa produces a better blood for most purposes. Make It Disgusting You can sprinkle in some dried onion if you want the blood to look like it contains bits of scabs and fingernails. Other kitchen seasonings add interest, too, or consider adding potato peels. You can splatter the blood either by flicking it on a paintbrush or off of a fork.

The American Heart Association Scientific Advisory

In 2009, the American Heart Association scientific advisory concluded that obtaining at least five to ten percent of total caloric intake from É ³-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) was associated with a thirteen percent lower risk of coronary risk (â€Å"Essential†). A 2011 analysis of seven-hundred showed supplementation with É ³-3 fatty acids lowered blood levels of homocysteine, a byproduct of protein metabolism, which damages the epithelium and increases the risks of cognitive decline (Sears 51). Likewise, a 2012 meta-analysis of seven randomized control trials (RCTs) estimated that a ten percent reduction in coronary heart disease was linked to each five percent energy increase in PUFA consumption (â€Å"Essential†). Furthermore, results of†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, among numerous genes examined in rats, É ³-3 deficiency changed the expression of multiple genes in offspring (Tribole, 86). Effects on Brain Development In addition to the cardiovascular system, É ³-3 fatty acids are important for brain development and function. The brain, one of the most vascular organs of the body, is composed sixty percent of fat. It requires É ³-3 fatty acids to make flexible and fluid multitasking responses (Sears 62). Research indicates that people with the highest blood levels of É ³-3 DHA had best brain performances and higher brain test scores (Bauer). Brain analysis indicated that people with various nerve diseases, including multiple sclerosis and macular degeneration, consumed high amounts of É ³-6 fats, but low amounts of É ³-3 fats. Consuming sufficient amounts of É ³-3 fatty acids make the three important brain structures healthier: brain cells (neurons), nerves extending from neurons (axons), and connections at the end of neurons (synapses) (Sears 64). The significance of É ³-3 fats in neural development and function can be shown through the developme nt of brains in infants. These fats are vital to the formation of the brain’s architecture since all neurons are formed before birth (Tribole 83). Before birth, all of the É ³-3 that the baby accumulates is

Advertising for Advocates Free Essays

string(33) " should be of a reasonable size\." â€Å"A bar on advertising for Advocates in India under Advocates Act,1961 and Bar Council of India Rules† ANALYSED BY: MOSES PINTO 5TH YEAR LL. B. (HONS. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising for Advocates or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) ROLL NO. 512 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2012-13 PREFACE After the Second World War the International Economic Order which emerged, encouraged Free Trade in goods services. India was a founder signatory to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 1947, which led to the formation of WTO, on 1st  January 1995. This has led to a whole wide debate in India over the stringent laws governing code of ethics and morality of Legal Professionals on one hand and the WTO laws on the other hand. This debate revolves around major issues pertaining to the objectives of legal profession, consumerism, social justice, Indian commitment to WTO regime, competition law etc. Some professionals argue that the shift in trade nature of legal services shall hamper ‘professional ethics’ and concept of ‘justice to all’. Some others say that the regulations imposed on the legal services sector are contrary to the goals and purpose of competition policy and Competition Act, 2002. At the heart of this controversy lies the issue of legal advertising. The lawyers in India are barred from advertising their profession considering the profession to be a noble one and such advertising to be derogatory to that profession. Advertisements are a forum for establishing the utility of goods and services. Further, it enhances and encourages competition in the relevant market by providing a forum for launching of new products. To cope up with the WTO laws and norms and looking at the current trend which has subjected legal profession to trade laws, it has become inevitable to allow the legal professionals to advertise and to rethink about the policy of law in India. People think whether this kind of ban based on age old norms is viable in this modern era. The debate of the hour in the Indian legal world is on why the profession should have very strict curbs on promoting its services stemming from laws that originate from British thinking when the country from where it originates has itself done away with the curbs? In the view of the above background, I would like to discuss the laws banning the advertising for legal professionals in India and their implications, considering the position of such laws in other developed countries owing to the WTO norms. INDEX I. CHAPTER I: The Law on Legal Advertising in India * The law under Bar Council of India Rules; * The Judiciary on this rule II. CHAPTER II:  Law in other Countries * Position in U. K. * Position in U. S. * Position in other countries III. CHAPTER III: The Constitutional validity of Rule 36 IV. CHAPTER IV: Disadvantages of banning Legal Ads * Consumerism and Informed Choice * Advertisement on Internet * Other disadvantages * Need for regulating the advertising V. CONCLUSION. I. CHAPTER I: The Law on Legal Advertising in India After taking into account the recommendations of the Law Commission on the subject of Reform of Judicial Administration relating to the Bar and to legal education and to implement the recommendations of the All India Bar Committee made in 1953, the Indian Legislature came up with the Advocates Act, 1961. This act under the section 4 forms a Bar Council of India to regulate all the legal professionals and legal education in India. The Bar Council of India is the central institution for supervising and monitoring the growth and development of legal services and the functioning of advocates related firms corporations in India. Pursuant to the functions of Bar Council of India under section 7 and its power to make rules under section 49 of the said Act, it has enacted the Bar Council of India Rules which are binding on all the legal professionals in India. The law under Bar Council of India Rules There is a complete ban on advertising for lawyers in India. The Bar Council of India, pursuant to its functions mentioned under Section 7(1)(b)[9] of the Advocates Act read with its powers to make rules under Section 49(1)(c)[10] has framed Rule 36 of the Bar Council of India Rules under Section IV(Duty to Colleagues) of Chapter II(Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette) of Part IV(R ules Governing Advocates). Rule 36 reads as under: â€Å"An advocate shall not solicit work or advertise, either directly or indirectly, whether by circulars, advertisements, touts, personal communications, interviews not warranted by personal relations, furnishing or inspiring newspaper comments or producing his photographs to be published in connection with cases in which he has been engaged or concerned. His sign-board or name-plate should be of a reasonable size. You read "Advertising for Advocates" in category "Essay examples" The sign-board or name-plate or stationery should not indicate that he is or has been President or Member of a Bar Council or of any Association or that he has been associated with any person or organisation or with any particular cause or matter or that he specialises in any particular type of work or that he has been a Judge or an Advocate General. † Thus, it is against an advocate’s code of ethics to solicit or advertise work and amounts to a misconduct on the part of the advocate. Both direct and indirect advertising is prohibited. An advocate may not advertise his services through circulars, advertisements, touts, personal communication or interviews not warranted by personal relations. Similarly, the following forms of indirect advertising are prohibited: A. by issuing circulars or election manifestos by a lawyer with his name, profession and address printed on the manifestos, thereby appealing to the members of the profession practising in the lower courts who are in a position to recommend clients to counsel practising in the high court B. anvassing for votes by touring in the province or sending out his clerk or agents to the various districts, which must necessarily mean directly approaching advocates practising in subordinate courts. Further, the signboard or nameplate displayed by an advocate should be of a reasonable size. It should not refer to details of an affiliated by the advocate i. e. that he is or has been president or member of a bar council or of any association, or he has been a Judge or an Advocate-General, or that he specialises in a particular kind of work, or hat he is or was associated with any person or organisation or with any particular cause or matter. Further advertising on internet is also prohibited. Bar Council of India, in a notice dated 21st October 1999, reaffirmed that such ‘advertisements’ on the Internet are considered an offence. It ordered all the legal Websites to be withdrawn immediately, under threat of legal action ranging from temporary suspension to permanent debarring of the lawyer from practice. The above rule has been vehemently enforced by the Bar Council of India, simply disregarding all the criticisms made against this archaic rule. Further, the words of Section IV of Chapter II of Part IV of Bar Council of India Rules are clear i. e. â€Å"Duty to colleagues†. This means that the another reason behind enactment of such a norm is to prevent the advocates, law firms, etc from enticing the clients of their adversary and to snatch away the business of their adversary. Such a law is also made in order to help the small and unknown advocates and firms to rise in the market and do business. The purpose behind it is to prevent a set of lawyers from taking unreasonable advantage. Also such a law prevents lawyers from falling below their dignity in order to fetch clients by doing anything and thus degrading the nature of the profession. * The Judiciary on this rule The courts have more or less agreed with the view of the Bar Council and have implemented the rule laid down by the Council pertaining to advertising. The Supreme Court of India observed in  Bar Council of India  v. M. V. Dhabolkar, that   â€Å"†¦.. the canons of ethics and propriety for the legal profession totally taboo conduct by way of soliciting, advertising, scrambling and other obnoxious practices†¦.   It further noted that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Law is not a trade, not briefs, not merchandise, and so the heaven of commercial competition should not vulgarize the legal profession†. The Allahabad High Court  observed that self advertising tends to lower the dignity of this honourable profession and is undoubtedly akin to touting. The Bombay High Court in   Government Pleader  v. S, a Pleader considered sending a circular postcard merely giving the address and description as an improper conduct by the Advocate. The High Court of Madras went one step ahead in SK Naicker  v. Authorised Officer and held that even a sign board or a name-plate should be of a moderate size. It has been further observed that writing of articles for publication in newspapers under his signature, where the writer describes himself as an Advocate practicing in the court as a flagrant breach of professional etiquette. Thus, legal advertising by far is a taboo in India and the courts have more or less approved and agreed with this rule framed by Bar Council of India. II. CHAPTER II:  Law in other Countries Legal advertising has been an important and widely used tool of communication in many common law countries and in most of the developed countries like US, UK, etc. It is used by the lawyers to promote their professional services. It is allowed in most of the countries with regulations regulating it as compared to India where it is completely banned. In these countries the regulation is done in order to avoid false, misleading deceptive advertisements but advertisements displaying truth are allowed. The legal system is often a mystery, and we, its priests, preside over rituals baffling to everyday citizens. † – Henry Miller * Position in U. K. The provision banning advertisement adopted in India has its roots in Victorian notions of U. K. which considered each and every profession to be noble and stated that such a regulation is necessary in order to preserve the dignity and nobility of this profession. Earlier, in U. K. too adve rtising was banned for professionals like lawyers. But later this ban was lifted. The Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1970 and the review given by the Office of Fair Trading in 1986 pointed out at the advantages of letting the professionals advertise and the benefits availed by from relaxing such norms. Ultimately the ban was lifted and the restrictions lowered and thus legal marketing and legal advertising became a reality in U. K. * Position in U. S. In U. S. the position was somewhat similar to that in India until 1977. There was a complete ban on advertising for legal professionals. This position took a complete U-turn after the decision of the U. S. Supreme Court on 27thJune 1977 in the case of   Bates  v. State Bar of Arizona. The Supreme Court validated legal advertising and invalidated the law of State Bar of Arizona banning legal advertising by a majority of 5:4 holding such a law violative of First Constitutional Amendment. Prior to this case, the U. S. Supreme Court validated commercial advertisement and gave its scope in the 1942 case of Valentine  v. Chrestensen. Later in   Bigelow   v. Virginia   (1975) and in  Virginia State Board of Pharmacy  v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council Inc. (1976) the U. S. S. C. nvalidated laws restraining ads marketing abortion services and ads showing prices of prescription drugs on the basis that they violated First Constitutional Amendment i. e. Freedom of Speech and Expression and held that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the free flow of commercial information is indispensable. † All these decisions were adopted in the Bates’ judgment by the US SC and it was held that truth ful legal advertising should not be prohibited as there is nothing wrong in it. The court invalidated in this appeal the law prohibiting legal advertising holding it to be violative of freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by the First Constitutional Amendment. Justice Blackmun argued that commercial speech does merit First Amendment protection given the important functions it serves in society, such as providing consumers with information about services and products, and helping to allocate resources in the American system of free-enterprise. The Court held that allowing attorneys to advertise would not harm the legal profession or the administration of justice, and, in fact, would supply consumers with valuable information about the availability and cost of legal services. But the states are allowed to regulate and monitor the advertising by advocates. This is evident from the later judgments of various state Supreme Courts which have upheld the laws regulating and restricting certain practices of legal advertising. * Position in other countries The position in other developed countries is also quite clear. Advertising is allowed in most of the countries. In France, though the law is not that liberal, it stands somewhere between Indian and U. K. position. There is not a complete ban on advertising. Also in Italy, the legal marketing has been legalized by the Bersani Decree of 2004 which was enforced in 2007. This has been true for most of the European countries like Germany, Spain, etc. Legal Advertising is a reality everywhere. Besides countries in the West, Asian countries such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia have been progressively relaxing their regulations on legal advertising to adapt to global demands. For instance, Malaysia’s Legal Profession (Publicity) Rules, passed in 2001 is a simple yet comprehensive code that regulates advertisements in legal and non-legal directories, controls publication of journals, magazines, brochures and newsletters by lawyers and interviews in electronic and print edia, bars publicity through clients and even includes a rule that regulates lawyers sending greeting cards on special occasions. In Hong Kong, lawyers are forbidden from advertising on television, radio and cinema. Though advertising in print is permissible, larger firms prefer alternative strategies such as engaging in aggressive client and public relations programmes and bran ding exercises. Even in Singapore the legal advertisements are allowed with certain restrictions. Thus, it is clear that most of the countries have adopted a liberal policy towards legal advertising and has allowed it to meet the global demands and compete with the other countries. This has resulted only in advantages and benefits for those countries and no harm is done on the contrary. III. CHAPTER III: The Constitutional validity of Rule 36 The Rule 36 of Bar Council of India Rules, prohibit advocates from advertising. This Rule cannot be challenged with regards to A. 19(1)(a) i. e. reedom of speech and expression as done in US in the case of  Bates  v. Arizona State Bar, because of the decision of Indian Supreme Court in the case of  Hamdard Dawakhana  v. Union Of India. The Supreme Court came on to decide validity of law banning advertisement for the sale of certain medicines in this case against A. 19(1)(a) of Constitution of India. The Court held that: â€Å"An advertisement is no doubt a form of speech but its true character is reflected by the object for the prom otion of which it is employed. It assumes the attributes and elements of the activity under Art. 9 (1) which it seeks to aid by bringing it to the notice of the public. When it takes the form of a commercial advertisement which has an element of trade-or commerce it no longer falls within the concept of freedom of speech for the object is not propagation of ideas – social political or economic or furtherance of literature or human thought;  but as in the present case the commendation of the efficacy, value and importance in treatment of particular diseases by certain drugs and medicines. In such a case, advertisement is a part of business even though as described by Mr. Munshi its creative part, and it was being used for the purpose of furthering the business of the petitioners and had no relationship with what may be called the essential concept of the freedom of speech. It cannot be said that the right to publish and distribute commercial advertisements advertising an individual’s personal business is a part of freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution. † In the view of the above decision, the commercial advertisement is not a part of freedom of speech and expression and thus ban on advertisement for advocates is justified to be falling within reasonable restriction as stated under A. 9(2). The only remedy left is to challenge its constitutional validity against A. 19(1)(g) i. e. freedom to carry on Trade, Profession or Business. Article 19 (1) (g) of the Constitution of India confers every citizen with the right to choose his own employment or to take up any trade or calling. This right is impregnated with an implied right for availing all the mechanisms and resources – including advertising – for effective carrying of the trade or occupation provided it doesn’t go against public interest. Any blanket bar on this right would be unreasonable when there is an option of constituting a specialized government body that would examine the content of the advertisement. The question that remains is whether legal profession falls under the category of trade or business so as to avail the above right? Even though the judiciary in the words of Justice Krishna Iyer, has held that Legal Profession is such a noble Profession that it cannot form a part of trade or business,   the recent trend of the courts is to justify this profession as a rade. Over the years, the courts have recognized ‘Legal Service’ as a ‘service’ rendered to the consumers and have held that lawyers are accountable to the clients in the cases of deficiency of services. In the case of  Srinath  v. Union of India, the Madras High Court held that, in view of Sec. 3 of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 that Consumer redressal forums have jurisdiction to deal with claims against advocates. Sec. 2 (U) of the Competition Act, 2002 defines the term ‘Service’ along the lines of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Also the decision of Supreme Court in  Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board  v. A. Rajappa,  holds that legal profession is covered under the definition of the term Industry under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Further it should be noted that India is a part of WTO and is subjected to WTO laws and legal services are listed as a subsection of Business Services in WTO Services Sectoral Classification list. In the view of the above background, the fundamental right to advertise guaranteed under A. 19(1)(g) can be given to the legal professionals to promote their services. This right thus, can be taken away only by imposing a reasonable restriction under A. 19(6) of the Constitution The Supreme Court further observed that: â€Å"Unless it is shown that there is a reasonable relation of the provisions of the Act to the purpose in view, the right of freedom of occupation and business cannot be curtailed by it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. the phrase ‘reasonable restriction’ connotes that the limitation imposed on a person in enjoyment of the right should not be arbitrary or of an excessive nature,  beyond what is required in the interests of the public. The word ‘reasonable’ implies intelligent are and deliberation, that is, the choice of a course which reason dictates. Legislation which arbitrarily or excessively invades the right cannot be said to contain the quality of reasonableness and unless it strikes a proper balance between the freedom guaranteed in Art. 19 (1) (g) and the social control permitted by cl. (6) of Art. 19, it must be held to be wanting in that quality. † Restrictions can be laid by regulating and monitoring the advertising but not completely banning it as it would be going beyond what is required as regulating the advertisement is sufficient in public interest. Presently a writ petition is pending before the Indian Supreme Court challenging this rule of Bar Council of India. The petition was filed by Mr. V. B. Joshi who is an advocate practicing in the Supreme Court. In the last hearing of this matter in September 2007, the Government agreed to relax this law a bit. The Government agreed to allow the lawyers advertise on their own website and to enter their name into online directories but all these to be done under a committee monitoring it. IV. CHAPTER IV: Disadvantages of banning Legal Advertisements Globalization brought about a revolution in international trade with increasing participation and involvement of countries The implication of the same on the legal service sector has been both quantitative and qualitative. The past decade has been mini-revolution in legal service sector with the greatest legal impact on corporate legal arena activities in project financing, intellectual property protection, environmental protection, competition law, corporate taxation, infrastructure contract, corporate governance and investment law were almost unknown before 90’s. Globalization has expanded the internal and external demand for legal services. Today trade in legal services is an inevitable fact and is at the same time significant for progressive development of legal profession in India in this era of Globalization. * Consumerism and Informed Choice In the age of consumerism and competition law, consumer’s right to free and fair competition is paramount and cannot be denied by any other consideration. Informed choice is one of the rights of a consumer. Ban on advertising leads to depriving consumers of valuable information about the advocates. This has resulted in a situation where consumers cannot make an informed choice from the competitive market since information relating to the service is not available to them. Moreover restriction on professional firms on informing potential users on range of their services and potential causes further injury to the competition. The services available to consumers of India are only domestic legal service providers and consumers most often are left at the mercy of advocates and the system . Thus it is very detrimental as they cannot resort to any other service provider in absence of choice. Advertisement on Internet Looking at the recent trend of Globalization and India joining the WTO, it has become inevitable to let lawyers advertise to compete in the global market. Not allowing lawyers to advertise has resulted in Indian lawyers losing a lot of potential clients internationally. It is realized that in this era of cyber age instead of turning to the Yellow Pages, the public increasi ngly uses online search engines and other Internet tools to find needed goods and services and with the concepts of legal process outsourcing increasing, i. . to find cheap legal services, people from countries like UK and US and other developed countries search for such services online. But these searches results in not a single Indian attorney or advocate or a law firm as India bans advertising by them as compared to other neighboring Asian countries which allow it and hence a lot of potential clients are lost, in turn affecting the economy of India largely. Thus, India has lost lot of economic revenues and thus it would be beneficial for India’s economy to lift the ban on advertising for advocates. The Government has recently agreed on lifting it but only allowing the advocates to advertise on their own websites and in online legal directories. But no one knows when this will be implemented. * Other disadvantages The report of Monopolies and Mergers Commission in U. K. stated that restrictions on advertisement by professionals reduce the stimulus to efficiency, cost saving, innovation, new entry to professions and competition within the professions. Thus, new entrants who require to establish their name in the market in order to get clients, are deprived of doing so through advertising as this is the most simplest and easiest method to enter into a market. Also restrictions enhance the more undesirable effects of less open methods of self promotion. Also they could give a false image to a profession. Thus banning advertisement by lawyers is completely disadvantageous to the Indian society as a whole. * Need for regulating the advertising The need of the hour is to lift the total ban on advertising by advocates but not to completely let it free. It is required to be regulated. In case it is not monitored and regulated, then there would be lot of malpractices of misrepresentation, deceptiveness and false advertisements which would affect the society and degrade the nobility of this profession. The U. K. ’s Monopolies and Merger Commission in its report stated that the restrictions on legal advertising should be lifted but the law must also provide that: 1. No advertisement, circular or other form of publicity used by the member should claim for his practice superiority in any respect over any or all of the practices of other members of the profession. . Such publicity should not contain any inaccuracies or misleading statements. 3. While advertisements, circulars and other publicity or methods of soliciting may†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. make clear the intention of the individual member to seek customers, they should not be of a character that could reasonably be regarded as likely to bring the profession into disre pute. Thus, it is required that the advertising by legal professionals be regulated in order to avoid instances of ambulance chasing, barratry, misrepresentation, etc. This kind of regulation is also permissible under A. 9(1)(6) of Constitution of India in the interests of public. V. CONCLUSION The ban on legal advertisements in India has not proved healthy so far for the Indian economy as well as Indian consumers. India has adopted WTO laws and a free market policy and thus accepting ‘trade’ facet of legal services would develop this profession qualitatively. The Raghvan Committee has summed up the effect of the existing regulatory system in professional services as â€Å".. the legislative restrictions in terms of law and self-regulation have the ombined effect of denying opportunities and growth of professional firms, restricting their desire and ability to compete globally, preventing the country from obtaining advantage of India’s considerable expertise and precluding consumers from opportunity of free and informed choice. † Time is ripe to break shackles of this overwhelming regulation subjecting legal profession away from modernity and banning it from advertising. India must remember its commitment to WTO for opening service sectors including, legal services, globally. Thus all the regulations have to be in conformity with competition policy and the Act. Hence, there is a craving need to lift this ban and to form rules and policy to monitor and regulate legal advertising. A committee could be formed to ensure compliance but laying blanket ban on legal advertising would hamper development and growth of India. BIBLIOGRAPHY Articles, Websites, Reports and others: 1)  Ã‚  Abhibav Kumar, â€Å"Lawyers must be allowed to advertise†, at http://news. indlaw. com/guest/columns/default. asp? abhinav (last visited on 25th November, 2007). 2)  Ã‚  Anubha Charan, â€Å"Is it unethical for lawyers to put up their own Website? , October 15, 2001, at http://www. rediff. com/search/2001/oct/15law. htm (last visited on 24th November, 2007). 3)  Ã‚  Bar Council Entry of Foreign Lawyers in India, August 30, 2003 at http://www. news . indiainfo. com/ (last visited on 22nd November, 2007). 4)  Ã‚  Bhadra Sinha, â€Å"Lawyers may be allowed web ads†, September 19, 2007, at www. hindustantimes. com (last visited on 20th November 2007). Also see Supra note 6. 5)  Ã‚  Cyber Search – What Does Search Engine Marketing Mean For Solicitors? , at http://www. samsonconsulting. co. uk/legal-marketing-article-cyber-search. htm (last visited on November 25, 2007). )  Ã‚  David L. Hudson, â€Å"Bates participants reflect on landmark case†, at http://www. firstamendmentcenter. org/analysis. aspx? id=14394 (Last visited on 22nd November, 2007) 7)  Ã‚  http:// en. wikipedia. org/Legal_Advertising (last visited on 22nd November 2007). 8)  Ã‚  Lawyer can’t be blamed if his name appears in print, says Punjab A-G, May 25, 1999, at http://www. indianexpress. com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990525/ige25114. html (last visited on 18th November 2007). 9)  Ã‚  Legal Websites, A World Wide Web Of Opportunies, at http://www. samsonconsulting. co. uk/legal-marketing-article-solicitors-websites. tm (last visited on 22nd November , 2007). 10)  Ã‚  Malathi Nayak, India  debates letting lawyers advertise, at http://www. livemint. com/2007/10/21235346/India-debates-letting-lawyers. html (last visited on 25th November, 2007). 11)  Rajiv Dutta, â€Å"World Trade Organization and Legal Services: The Indian Scenario†, at www. insolindia. com/shimlaPDFs/worldTradeOrg. pdf (last visited on 23rd November, 2007). 12)  Report on Trade in Legal Services, â€Å"Trade in Services: Opportunities and Constraints†, Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, Executed by Indian Council for Research in Economic Relations, Coordinator(s) N. L. Mitra and T. C. A Anand. 13)  Ã‚  Singh  Lalithakumar I. , â€Å"A View on Legal Profession†, AIR 2006 (Jour. ) 1. 14)  Ã‚  Statement of Objects and Reasons, The Advocates Act, 1961. 15)   Ã‚  Swapnil Joshi, â€Å"Changing Face Of The Legal Profession In India In The Era Of Globalization†, at http://www. legalserviceindia. com/articles/lprof. htm (last visited on 25th November, 2007). 16)  V K Aggarwal, â€Å"Professional Advertising: A comparative analysis in the changing milieu†, 7th National Conference of Practising Company Secretaries. 7)  World Bank Report on Emerging Service Sector, 1999 quoted in The Raghvan Committee Report on Competition Law, 2000. 18)  www. legalmarketing. it (official legal marketing Italia website, last visited on 24th November 2007). Dictionaries: 1)  H. Black, Black’s Law Dictionary (5th ed. , St Paul: West Publishing Co. , 1979) 1059. 2)  Ã‚  The Concise Oxford Thesaurus compiled by Kirkpatrick Betty; Ox ford University Press. 3)  Webster’s New English Dictionary; Black Dog Leventhal Publishers Inc, 2nd Edn 1995. How to cite Advertising for Advocates, Essay examples